1 December 25, 2025
Articles
1. Sergey V. Bronnikov, Viktor Ya. Tsvetkov
Application of Galileo's Principle of Relativity in the Study of Space Objects with Non-Inertial Motion
Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 3-8.
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2. Roman A. Chesnokov, Kirill R. BezzubtsevRussian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 3-8.
Abstract:
Space data processing utilizes geometric methods. This is due to the fact that angular measurements are often used in space research, as stereoscopic photography is impossible to achieve under terrestrial conditions. Geometric construction methods for space conditions are not commonly used on Earth. In space research, the problem of data acquisition is relatively simple. The challenge lies in using space information to process and analyze spatial situations and accumulate experience. A distinctive feature of space research is that imagery is only taken from moving objects (spacecraft), and moving objects are also largely studied. This poses the problem of imagery from moving objects and the problem of geometric constructions taking motion into account. This formulation of the problems necessitates an analysis of the applicability of the principles of relativity to space imaging. This article is devoted to the study of this problem. The principles of relativity, from Galileo, Newton, and Einstein to the present day, consider only inertial systems. The main question is whether the system is inertial or non-inertial. This issue is not addressed in this paper. Instead, the problem of using sensors in non-inertial systems as in inertial systems is investigated. Spacecraft observation systems include a set of different sensors, including a laser rangefinder, a laser scanner, digital cameras, radars, and others. Until recently, laser rangefinders were not used for geometric constructions and determining the coordinates of surface points. They were used only to determine the range or distance to scan points. This article proposes a method for using a laser rangefinder for geometric constructions and obtaining three-dimensional coordinates. This method is applicable to studying the surfaces of planets, other celestial bodies, or other spacecraft encountered during the movement of a research spacecraft. Three spatial simplified situations are presented. Two of these situations demonstrate the possibility of applying the principle of relativity when photographing moving objects or when photographing from moving objects. A simplified method for calculating coordinates using a rangefinder is presented. Two options are considered. The first calculation option uses only the rangefinder and allows for determining two coordinates on the surface of the body in an arbitrary coordinate system tied to the spacecraft trajectory. The coordinates are determined only in the cutting plane. The second calculation option uses a rangefinder and a digital camera. This calculation option allows for the determination of three coordinates in a conventional coordinate system associated with the spacecraft's trajectory.
Space data processing utilizes geometric methods. This is due to the fact that angular measurements are often used in space research, as stereoscopic photography is impossible to achieve under terrestrial conditions. Geometric construction methods for space conditions are not commonly used on Earth. In space research, the problem of data acquisition is relatively simple. The challenge lies in using space information to process and analyze spatial situations and accumulate experience. A distinctive feature of space research is that imagery is only taken from moving objects (spacecraft), and moving objects are also largely studied. This poses the problem of imagery from moving objects and the problem of geometric constructions taking motion into account. This formulation of the problems necessitates an analysis of the applicability of the principles of relativity to space imaging. This article is devoted to the study of this problem. The principles of relativity, from Galileo, Newton, and Einstein to the present day, consider only inertial systems. The main question is whether the system is inertial or non-inertial. This issue is not addressed in this paper. Instead, the problem of using sensors in non-inertial systems as in inertial systems is investigated. Spacecraft observation systems include a set of different sensors, including a laser rangefinder, a laser scanner, digital cameras, radars, and others. Until recently, laser rangefinders were not used for geometric constructions and determining the coordinates of surface points. They were used only to determine the range or distance to scan points. This article proposes a method for using a laser rangefinder for geometric constructions and obtaining three-dimensional coordinates. This method is applicable to studying the surfaces of planets, other celestial bodies, or other spacecraft encountered during the movement of a research spacecraft. Three spatial simplified situations are presented. Two of these situations demonstrate the possibility of applying the principle of relativity when photographing moving objects or when photographing from moving objects. A simplified method for calculating coordinates using a rangefinder is presented. Two options are considered. The first calculation option uses only the rangefinder and allows for determining two coordinates on the surface of the body in an arbitrary coordinate system tied to the spacecraft trajectory. The coordinates are determined only in the cutting plane. The second calculation option uses a rangefinder and a digital camera. This calculation option allows for the determination of three coordinates in a conventional coordinate system associated with the spacecraft's trajectory.
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Analysis of Methods for Passive Vibration Isolation of Precision Equipment on Spacecraft
Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 9-13.
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3. Roman A. Chesnokov, Bogdan A. ZelenovRussian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 9-13.
Abstract:
The relevance of research in the field of spacecraft vibration isolation is driven by the need to develop modern and advanced space technologies. This paper examines the main methods of vibration protection for precision equipment and analyzes passive vibration isolation methods. The analysis revealed that creating a vibration isolation system requires consideration of numerous factors determined by mission requirements, and existing vibration protection methods are adequate for the task. However, given the promising development of composite and multi-component materials, their use in these technologies should be emphasized. This will significantly improve the performance of many devices (such as weight and wear resistance), which will further accelerate the development of the space industry.
The relevance of research in the field of spacecraft vibration isolation is driven by the need to develop modern and advanced space technologies. This paper examines the main methods of vibration protection for precision equipment and analyzes passive vibration isolation methods. The analysis revealed that creating a vibration isolation system requires consideration of numerous factors determined by mission requirements, and existing vibration protection methods are adequate for the task. However, given the promising development of composite and multi-component materials, their use in these technologies should be emphasized. This will significantly improve the performance of many devices (such as weight and wear resistance), which will further accelerate the development of the space industry.
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Soundproofing of Spacecraft
Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 14-18.
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4. Irina A. DubchakRussian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 14-18.
Abstract:
This article provides a comprehensive study of acoustic protection methods used in the design of manned spacecraft. It traces the historical development of noise mitigation strategies: from local solutions used in the early stages of space exploration to the emergence of a comprehensive engineering methodology. The central focus of the study is a comparative analysis of passive and active noise reduction technologies, identifying their key parameters, limitations, and optimal applications, taking into account the specific requirements of space technology. The study concludes that a hybrid approach, integrating the advantages of passive damping and active suppression of low-frequency acoustic vibrations, offers promise for ensuring comfortable conditions for crews and maintaining the functionality of onboard systems.
This article provides a comprehensive study of acoustic protection methods used in the design of manned spacecraft. It traces the historical development of noise mitigation strategies: from local solutions used in the early stages of space exploration to the emergence of a comprehensive engineering methodology. The central focus of the study is a comparative analysis of passive and active noise reduction technologies, identifying their key parameters, limitations, and optimal applications, taking into account the specific requirements of space technology. The study concludes that a hybrid approach, integrating the advantages of passive damping and active suppression of low-frequency acoustic vibrations, offers promise for ensuring comfortable conditions for crews and maintaining the functionality of onboard systems.
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Descriptive Modeling in Space Exploration
Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 19-26.
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5. Stanislav A. Kudzh, Nikita S. KurdyukovRussian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 19-26.
Abstract:
The article explores the field of space research. A new type of information modeling, description modeling, is proposed. Its application is substantiated and the content of this modeling is revealed. A new concept, description model, is introduced. A description model is formed using the principles of description logic. The content of description logic is briefly revealed. The need to apply a description model in space research is substantiated. The features of obtaining information in space research are described. Description modeling differs from other types of modeling by the condition of consistency in creating models. Description modeling differs from other types of modeling by the mandatory presence of information units in the form of a consistent system. A description model compresses large volumes of space information while meeting the conditions of consistency and consistency. The mechanism of formation of description models is considered. The need to apply cognitive modeling in the formation of description models is shown. The stages of sequential description modeling are described. Description modeling differs from other types of modeling in that the first stage involves creating a conceptual model, while many other types of modeling do not. Creating a conceptual model facilitates knowledge accumulation. Description information modeling in space exploration is information modeling that contains morphological and semantic components. Description modeling in space exploration can be considered a cognitive stage, as it not only allows for the creation of a spatial model but also creates the conditions for acquiring new knowledge.
The article explores the field of space research. A new type of information modeling, description modeling, is proposed. Its application is substantiated and the content of this modeling is revealed. A new concept, description model, is introduced. A description model is formed using the principles of description logic. The content of description logic is briefly revealed. The need to apply a description model in space research is substantiated. The features of obtaining information in space research are described. Description modeling differs from other types of modeling by the condition of consistency in creating models. Description modeling differs from other types of modeling by the mandatory presence of information units in the form of a consistent system. A description model compresses large volumes of space information while meeting the conditions of consistency and consistency. The mechanism of formation of description models is considered. The need to apply cognitive modeling in the formation of description models is shown. The stages of sequential description modeling are described. Description modeling differs from other types of modeling in that the first stage involves creating a conceptual model, while many other types of modeling do not. Creating a conceptual model facilitates knowledge accumulation. Description information modeling in space exploration is information modeling that contains morphological and semantic components. Description modeling in space exploration can be considered a cognitive stage, as it not only allows for the creation of a spatial model but also creates the conditions for acquiring new knowledge.
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Cosmic Ontology
Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 27-33.
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6. Viktor Ya. TsvetkovRussian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 27-33.
Abstract:
This article explores a new type of ontology, "space ontology." It introduces the concept of "space ontology" and substantiates the notion of "information spatial ontology" as a type of epistemic ontology. The aim of the work is to develop scientific and methodological foundations for constructing a space ontology as a specialized type of spatial ontology arising from the processing of space information. The concept of ontological modeling is introduced as a group of technologies for transforming information into knowledge. The evolution of the concept of ontology from a generalized concept to applied concepts and the solution of practical problems is briefly described. A taxonomy of spatial knowledge is presented. A taxonomy of spatial ontologies, including space ontology, is presented. The works of Guarino and Alexander serve as the basis for this taxonomy. The article demonstrates that a space ontology can be obtained based on information morphism, ontological information retrieval, and semantic correspondence. It is generalized that all procedures for obtaining ontology can be called ontological transformation. The importance of the "Eidetic Reduction" and "Categorical Intuition" methods as essential components in the formation of cosmic ontologies is substantiated. The significance and content of vocabulary ontology as a basis for constructing complex ontologies is revealed. The difference between constructing a formal upper-level cosmic ontology and a formal subject-level cosmic ontology is demonstrated. Ontology construction based on logical inference is described. The obtained results expand the methodological foundations of ontological modeling and the scope of application of spatial ontology in research related to the analysis of cosmic information.
This article explores a new type of ontology, "space ontology." It introduces the concept of "space ontology" and substantiates the notion of "information spatial ontology" as a type of epistemic ontology. The aim of the work is to develop scientific and methodological foundations for constructing a space ontology as a specialized type of spatial ontology arising from the processing of space information. The concept of ontological modeling is introduced as a group of technologies for transforming information into knowledge. The evolution of the concept of ontology from a generalized concept to applied concepts and the solution of practical problems is briefly described. A taxonomy of spatial knowledge is presented. A taxonomy of spatial ontologies, including space ontology, is presented. The works of Guarino and Alexander serve as the basis for this taxonomy. The article demonstrates that a space ontology can be obtained based on information morphism, ontological information retrieval, and semantic correspondence. It is generalized that all procedures for obtaining ontology can be called ontological transformation. The importance of the "Eidetic Reduction" and "Categorical Intuition" methods as essential components in the formation of cosmic ontologies is substantiated. The significance and content of vocabulary ontology as a basis for constructing complex ontologies is revealed. The difference between constructing a formal upper-level cosmic ontology and a formal subject-level cosmic ontology is demonstrated. Ontology construction based on logical inference is described. The obtained results expand the methodological foundations of ontological modeling and the scope of application of spatial ontology in research related to the analysis of cosmic information.
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Projective Methods of Processing Space Images
Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 34-41.
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Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 34-41.
Abstract:
This article explores new methods for processing satellite images. The methods are based on the application of projective geometry and offer an alternative to photogrammetry. Aerial photography is an analogue of satellite imagery. It utilizes photogrammetric methods. Photogrammetry imposes a number of restrictions on images. It methodically processes images obtained using the laws of central projection. This is expressed in the requirement for equal focal lengths along both coordinate axes. Projective methods allow for the processing of images with impaired focal lengths. This makes it possible to process anamorphic images with different focal lengths for both coordinate axes. Photogrammetry solves resection using the method of successive approximations. This requires an a priori specification of nine orientation elements of the image. The initial equations are nonlinear equations with respect to the orientation elements, which do not have a strict solution. They are solved by the approximation method. The a priori specified values are refined using the coordinates of control points on the image and the terrain. The approximations yield precise parameter values. A limitation of the method is the requirement for preliminary determination of the photogrammetric survey parameters. Aerial photography typically utilizes cameras with identical characteristics. Space imaging of planets utilizes cameras of different types and parameters. Projective methods remove limitations on the conditions for photogrammetric image processing. They allow for the combined processing of images with different parameters. Photogrammetric methods only process stereo pairs and only images with identical parameters. Projective methods allow for the simultaneous processing of any number of images and allow for both identical and different image parameters. When imaging planetary surfaces from space, photogrammetric conditions are not always feasible. Therefore, projective methods provide a tool for image processing under these conditions.
This article explores new methods for processing satellite images. The methods are based on the application of projective geometry and offer an alternative to photogrammetry. Aerial photography is an analogue of satellite imagery. It utilizes photogrammetric methods. Photogrammetry imposes a number of restrictions on images. It methodically processes images obtained using the laws of central projection. This is expressed in the requirement for equal focal lengths along both coordinate axes. Projective methods allow for the processing of images with impaired focal lengths. This makes it possible to process anamorphic images with different focal lengths for both coordinate axes. Photogrammetry solves resection using the method of successive approximations. This requires an a priori specification of nine orientation elements of the image. The initial equations are nonlinear equations with respect to the orientation elements, which do not have a strict solution. They are solved by the approximation method. The a priori specified values are refined using the coordinates of control points on the image and the terrain. The approximations yield precise parameter values. A limitation of the method is the requirement for preliminary determination of the photogrammetric survey parameters. Aerial photography typically utilizes cameras with identical characteristics. Space imaging of planets utilizes cameras of different types and parameters. Projective methods remove limitations on the conditions for photogrammetric image processing. They allow for the combined processing of images with different parameters. Photogrammetric methods only process stereo pairs and only images with identical parameters. Projective methods allow for the simultaneous processing of any number of images and allow for both identical and different image parameters. When imaging planetary surfaces from space, photogrammetric conditions are not always feasible. Therefore, projective methods provide a tool for image processing under these conditions.
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Letters to the Editorial Board
7. Karina A. Rastobarova, Nicholas W. Mitiukov
On the Possibility of Obtaining an Orbital Rocket of the Ultra-Light Class by Installing an Upper Stage
Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 42-44.
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8. Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A. 2025. 11(1): 42-44.
Abstract:
The paper analyzes the possibility of replacing the payload of a geophysical rocket with a second stage to obtain an ultra-light orbital rocket. The single-stage rocket MN-300 was chosen as a basis, for determining the necessary parameters of which a general design of a similar rocket was carried out. The result was a single-stage geophysical rocket with a payload mass of 200 kg and a lift altitude of 300 km. After detailed development, it was possible to obtain a rocket with a launch mass of 995.6 kg and a lift altitude of 353.8 km, which is slightly better than the analogue. But even in such a rocket, the installation of the second stage instead of the payload did not provide the ability to launch a micro-satellite into orbit.
The paper analyzes the possibility of replacing the payload of a geophysical rocket with a second stage to obtain an ultra-light orbital rocket. The single-stage rocket MN-300 was chosen as a basis, for determining the necessary parameters of which a general design of a similar rocket was carried out. The result was a single-stage geophysical rocket with a payload mass of 200 kg and a lift altitude of 300 km. After detailed development, it was possible to obtain a rocket with a launch mass of 995.6 kg and a lift altitude of 353.8 km, which is slightly better than the analogue. But even in such a rocket, the installation of the second stage instead of the payload did not provide the ability to launch a micro-satellite into orbit.
Number of views: 3 Download in PDF